Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Xaiv Cov Tshuaj Siv Rau Kev Lag Luam: Kev Txheej, Kua Xim thiab ntau ntxiv

 

Hauv kev txhim kho kev lag luam pleev xim tas mus li, kev txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov xim pleev ib txwm yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb, nrog rau cov khoom siv ntxiv rau cov xim pleev ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Lawv txoj kev tsim kho tshiab thiab kev siv muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau qhov zoo ntawm cov xim pleev. Txij li cov xim pleev ntuj thaum ntxov mus rau cov xim pleev ua los ntawm cov xim pleev uas tsis muaj molecular ntau, thiab tam sim no mus rau cov xim pleev uas hloov kho tau zoo heev, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov xim pleev qhia txog kev nce qib hauv kev siv tshuab pleev xim. Tsab xov xwm no tsom mus rau kev siv cov xim pleev uas hloov kho tau zoo heev hauv cov xim pleev, tshawb nrhiav nws cov txiaj ntsig kev ua tau zoo, cov txheej txheem xaiv, thiab cov xwm txheej siv. Nws lub hom phiaj yog muab cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev siv tau zoo rau cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev lag luam, pab cov khoom pleev kom ua tiav kev tawg hauv kev tiv thaiv khawb, tiv thaiv kev hnav, tiv thaiv kub, thiab tiv thaiv huab cua, yog li txhawb kev tsim khoom uas tsis ua rau ib puag ncig puas tsuaj thiab kev txhim kho zoo.

① Peb Qhov Kev Sib Tw Tseem Ceeb ntawm Cov Ciab hauv Cov Ntawv Thov Txheej Txheem Siab:
• Kev Sib Tw Ua Tsis Tau Zoo Thaum Kub Siab: Hauv cov txheej txheem tsheb/khoom siv, cov roj hmab mos mos thaum kub >150°C, ua rau muaj kev poob hnav ntau dua 50% thiab txo qhov ruaj khov.
• Kev Sib Tw Ua Haujlwm Ntawm Qhov Chaw Txwv: Cov tshuaj pleev ib txwm tsis tuaj yeem daws tau tib lub sijhawm qhov kev tiv thaiv kev plam, kev tiv thaiv kev khawb, kev tiv thaiv kev hnav, kev xav kov, thiab lwm yam kev xav tau ntau yam, txwv tsis pub siv cov tshuaj pleev xim.
• EU Daim Ntawv Thov Txwv Tsis Pub Siv Tshuaj Lom: Muaj ntau tshaj 10,000 hom PFAS (suav nrog fluoropolymers, xws li cov uas siv rau hauv cov txheej tiv thaiv dej).
2025: Daim ntawv thov thiab hu kom tau txais cov lus taw qhia.
2026-2027: Xav kom muaj kev siv tag nrho.

② Kev Txhim Kho Kev Ua Haujlwm Plaub-Qhov Ntev ntawm Cov Tshuaj Pleev Xim Uas Hloov Kho Los Ntawm Cov Tshuaj Pleev Xim Uas Muaj Molecular Siab:
• Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Hnav/Kos: Cov roj pleev uas hloov kho siab heev ua rau cov txheej tiv thaiv kev hnav zoo dua, nrog rau qhov nce ntxiv txog li 50%, ua rau cov txheej siv tau ntev dua.
• Kev Ua Haujlwm Ntawm Qhov Chaw: Ua rau muaj kev xav tshwj xeeb txog kev kov, cov yam ntxwv tiv thaiv kev plam, hydrophobicity, thiab oleophobicity, ntawm lwm yam ntxwv ntau yam, nrog rau kev txhim kho 30% ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw kom tau raws li ntau yam kev xav tau.
• Kev Tiv Thaiv Kub/Huab Cua: Cov roj hmab hloov kho uas muaj cov molecular siab muaj qhov melting point siab tshaj 260°C, ua kom cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kub/huab cua zoo dua 20%, thiab ua kom nws ua haujlwm tau zoo hauv cov chaw nyuaj.
• Kev ua tiav ntawm kev kub siab thiab kev hnav tsis kam ua rau nws yog lwm txoj hauv kev zoo rau PTFE-based waxes.

Yuav Ua Li Cas Xaiv Cov Tshuaj Pleev Xim Kom Zoo

Lub ntsiab lus yaj ntawm cov quav ciab txiav txim siab nws qhov chaw ib puag ncig thiab kev ruaj khov ua haujlwm:

Ntau yam yaj	Cov ntawv thov	Cov Khoom Siv Ib Txwm Muaj
<100 ℃	Kev txhuam xim ntooKev kho kom sov tsawg	Carnauba waxCov quav ciab
100–300 ℃	Kev txheej txheem dav dav	PE quav ciab, Fischer Tropsch quav ciab, PTFE, Polymer quav ciab
>300℃	Txheej kub siab	PTFE, Cov roj hmab polymer hloov kho

 

Qhov loj me ntawm cov quav ciab ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau qhov ci ntsa iab, kev xav, thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov txheej:

Qhov Loj ntawm Cov Khoom Me Me (D50)	Cov nyhuv rau txheej	Cov ntawv thov
<1μm	Yuav luag tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau qhov ci ntsa iab, muab qhov kov zoo nkauj:	Cov txheej txheem ci ntsa iab, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob
3–7μm	Qhov tiav me me ua rau kom tsis txhob khawb	Xim pleev rooj tog, xim pleev yas
8–15μm	Qhov tiav matte tseem ceeb, txhim kho kev hnav tsis kam	Xim pleev xim, xim hauv pem teb
>25μm	Tsim kom muaj cov qauv xuab zeb	Xim pleev duab, xim pleev tshwj xeeb

 

Polarity txiav txim siab qhov sib xws thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj siv quav ciab thiab cov tshuaj siv ua vaj tse:

Cov quav ciab polarity siab (xws li cov quav ciab polyolefin acidified, cov quav ciab polymer hloov kho): muaj kev sib raug zoo thiab kev sib kis tau zoo nrog cov resins polar (xws li cov dej-raws li systems, epoxy, polyurethane), txhim kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov txheej, txhim kho kev nplaum thiab lub zog ntawm qhov chaw;

Cov quav ciab polarity qis (xws li PE quav ciab, PTFE): tsiv mus rau saum npoo ntawm lub txheej kom tsim ib txheej hydrophobic, nrog kev tiv thaiv dej, tiv thaiv kev nplaum, thiab kev xav kov.

 

Cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv quav ciab yog tsim rau cov txheej txheem ntau lawm sib txawv:

Cov Ntawv	Kev Ua Haujlwm	Zoo	Qhov Tsis Zoo
Cov quav ciab uas muaj micronized	Kev sib tsoo dav hlauTshuaj tsuag kom qhuav	100% cov ntsiab lus khov kho Tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev tiv thaiv dej	Nyuaj rau kev tawg
Cov roj emulsion	Kev ua kom cov emulsification	Siv tau yooj yimQhov loj me ntawm cov khoom me me	Muaj cov emulsifierTej zaum yuav txo qhov kev tiv thaiv dej
Cov kua nplaum	Kev sib tsoo ntub	Kev ruaj khov zooSiv tau yooj yim	Muaj cov kuab tshuajVOC siab

 

Cov ntawv thov ib txwm muaj thiab cov lus qhia txog cov tshuaj siv quav ciab/cov tshuaj ntxiv:

Cov ntawv thov	Cov kev cai tseem ceeb	Cov hom pom zoo	Kev Siv Tshuaj
Kev txheej txheem tsheb	Tsis yooj yim khawb, du rau qhov kov	PE quav ciab, Carnauba quav ciab	0.5-2%
Luam tawm hlau, cov khoom siv kauj	Tiv thaiv khawb, coefficient sib txhuam tsawg (<0.2)	Cov roj hmab polymerPE/PTFE quav ciab	0.5-1.5%
Xim pleev hauv pem teb	Hnav tsis kam thiab tiv taus kev yaig xuab zeb	PP, Polymer quav ciab	1-3%
Kev lag luam txheej	Hnav tsis kam thiab khawb tsis kam	Cov roj hmab polymerPE/PTFE quav ciab	0.8-1.5%
Kev txheej hmoov	Kev tiv thaiv kev khawb, kev ua npuas dej, thiab kev ua kom lubrication ruaj khov	PE, FT, PP, PA, PTFE	Tsis muaj dab tsi
Kua mem	Hnav tsis kam, coefficient sib txhuam tsawg	Raws li koj xav tau	Tsis muaj dab tsi

 

Peb lub tuam txhab tshwj xeeb hauv kev muab ntau yam kev qhia txog cov khoom siv hluavtaws (Polymer) quav ciab.

Tiv tauj peb tam sim no.