Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Hluav TawsCov Khoom Siv Roj Hmab thiab Yas Thib Ob Loj Tshaj Plaws
Hluav taws kub retardantyog ib qho tshuaj pab tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev raug hluav taws thiab tiv thaiv kev kis hluav taws. Nws yog siv rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv polymer. Nrog rau kev siv dav dav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsim thiab kev txhim kho maj mam ntawm cov qauv tiv thaiv hluav taws, cov nplaim taws retardants tau siv dav hauv plastics, roj hmab, coatings, thiab lwm yam. Raws li cov ntsiab lus tshuaj tseem ceeb hauv FR, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg: inorganic nplaim taws retardants, organic halogenated nplaim taws retardants thiab organic phosphorus nplaim taws retardants.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws tsis muaj zogua haujlwm lub cev, uas muaj kev ua haujlwm tsawg thiab ntau ntxiv. Nws muaj qee qhov cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tus nqi qis nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov khoom lag luam qis nrog qhov xav tau qis ntawm kev ua haujlwm, xws li yas PE, PVC, thiab lwm yam. Piv txwv li, txhuas hydroxide (ATH). Nws yuav dhau los ua kom qhuav thiab lwj tom qab raug cua sov txog li 200 ℃. Cov txheej txheem lwj nqus cov cua sov thiab dej evaporation, yog li ntawd thiaj li tiv thaiv qhov kub nce ntawm cov khoom siv, txo qhov kub ntawm cov khoom siv nto, qeeb qeeb ntawm qhov ceev ntawm thermal cracking reaction. Tib lub sijhawm, cov dej pa tuaj yeem dilute qhov concentration oxygen thiab tiv thaiv kev kub hnyiab. Lub alumina tsim los ntawm kev lwj yog txuas rau ntawm cov khoom siv nto, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev sib kis ntawm hluav taws.
Cov tshuaj tua hluav taws organic halogenFeem ntau siv txoj kev siv tshuaj lom neeg. Nws cov kev ua haujlwm zoo heev thiab qhov ntxiv yog me me nrog kev sib raug zoo nrog cov polymers. Lawv siv dav hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov laug cam luam tawm thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv yuav tso tawm cov pa roj lom thiab corrosive, uas muaj qee qhov teeb meem kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.Cov tshuaj brominated flame retardants (BFRs)feem ntau yog cov tshuaj halogenated flame retardants. Lwm tus yogCov tshuaj tua hluav taws chloro-series (CFRs). Lawv qhov kub ntawm kev lwj zoo ib yam li cov khoom siv polymer. Thaum cov polymers raug cua sov thiab lwj, BFRs kuj pib lwj, nkag mus rau hauv thaj chaw hlawv roj nrog rau cov khoom tawg thermal, tiv thaiv kev ua kom tsis txhob muaj zog thiab tiv thaiv kev tawg ntawm nplaim taws. Tib lub sijhawm, cov pa roj uas tso tawm yuav npog qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom kom thaiv thiab txo qhov concentration ntawm cov pa oxygen, thiab thaum kawg qeeb qeeb ntawm kev ua kom tsis txhob muaj zog kom txog thaum nws raug tso tseg. Tsis tas li ntawd, BFRs feem ntau siv ua ke nrog antimony oxide (ATO). ATO nws tus kheej tsis muaj hluav taws kub, tab sis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ua tus catalyst los ua kom nrawm dua qhov lwj ntawm bromine lossis chlorine.
Cov tshuaj tua hluav taws xob organic phosphorus (OPFRs)ua haujlwm ob qho tib si lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg, nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab qhov zoo ntawm kev tsis muaj tshuaj lom, kev ruaj khov thiab kev ua haujlwm siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau, muab cov haujlwm plasticizing thiab kev ua tau zoo heev. Nrog rau qhov xav tau siab dua ntawm kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, OPFRs maj mam hloov BFRs ua cov khoom tseem ceeb.
Txawm hais tias qhov ntxiv ntawm FR tsis tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv tiv taus hluav taws tag nrho, nws tuaj yeem zam tau qhov "flash burn", txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm hluav taws thiab yeej lub sijhawm khiav tawm muaj nqis rau cov neeg nyob hauv qhov chaw hluav taws. Kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub teb chaws cov kev cai rau cov thev naus laus zis hluav taws kub kuj ua rau kev cia siab ntawm FRs dav dua.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Kaum Ib Hlis-19-2021